Pump prices continued to march toward $4 a gallon Thursday, as signs of a stronger U.S. economy helped push benchmark oil near $108 per barrel.
Retail gasoline prices continued a five-week rise to a national average of $3.74 per gallon. That’s up 37 cents per gallon, or 11 percent, since late January, the last time gasoline prices fell. Prices have never been so high at this time of the year.
Benchmark crude rose 53 cents to $107.60 a barrel in New York. Brent crude, which is imported by many U.S. refiners to make gasoline, rose $1.91 to $124.57 a barrel in London.
Oil prices have risen 9 percent this year because global demand is high and supplies have been disrupted in South Sudan, Syria and elsewhere. There also is concern that tensions with Iran over its nuclear program could lead to further supply problems.
The U.S. economy has continued to grow even though high oil prices are taking spending money from consumers and make shipping and travel more expensive.
Economic data released Thursday showed applications for unemployment hit a four-year low, spending on residential construction rose and major retailers reported stronger-than-expected sales for February.
Stock prices rose on Wall Street Thursday, helped by the encouraging economic news. That bolstered the feeling that the economy could start burning more oil payday loans.
“It’s almost impossible for oil to stay down with equities rising,” said Rich Ilczyszyn, an analyst at ITrader.
Economists worry that high oil prices will eventually take a toll on the economy, though.
“We’ve weathered it OK so far, but it could become a much stronger headwind than we anticipate,” said Diane Swonk, chief economist at Mesirow Financial.
Consumers have been helped by low heating and electricity bills this winter, which have eased the pain of high fill-up costs. The weather has been unusually mild across much of the country and natural gas, which is used to heat many homes and to generate electricity, has been cheap.
Natural gas futures fell more than 6 percent Thursday to $2.46 per thousand cubic feet after the government reported that supplies of natural gas declined less than anticipated last week. The nation’s supplies in storage are 45 percent above the five-year average and prices are close to a 10-year low.
In other energy trading, gasoline futures rose 4 cents to $3.30 a gallon. Heating oil rose by 1 cent to $3.22 a gallon.
The United States Army is looking at hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, hoping that sometime in the near future they’ll play some important military roles, maybe even on the battlefield.
The military has been looking at alternative fuels like this because of the difficulty, expense and danger of securing oil and gasoline supplies.
Hydrogen fuel cells, in particular, seem promising because of their design flexibility, said Major General Roger Matthews, Deputy Commanding General of the U.S. Army Pacific.
Unlike an ordinary car’s engine and transmission, fuel cells and batteries can take various shapes and be arranged inside the vehicle in a number of different ways.
That allows for vehicles to be better designed for different roles, whether for carrying people, cargo or other duties, he said.
Gallery: Electric not the only ‘green car’ solution
For now, the U.S. is testing a fleet of 16 General Motors fuel cell vehicles in Hawaii. They run on compressed hydrogen gas. The hydrogen is combined in a fuel cell with oxygen from the air in a process that generates electricity. The only exhaust the vehicles produce is water vapor.
This new fleet includes one vehicle that can be used as a portable generator, supplying enough energy to keep the lights on in several homes. The same technology could be useful in an "tactical" vehicle, said Matthews, providing power to a command center, for instance.
"We think this might have greater application in combat vehicles," he said.
The car’s low environmental impact is a serious benefit, too, said Matthews. Particularly in Hawaii, the Army doesn’t want to be seen as a destructive force on the islands’ delicate ecology.
"We have to be good stewards of the environment," he said.
The 16 vehicles in the test fleet are distributed across various branches of the military, including the Army, Air Force and Navy. They are being used as "administrative" vehicles, performing light-duty work such as ferrying around personnel.
The military spends roughly $3.6 million a year to lease the fleet of from GM, said Major General Roger Matthews, Deputy Commanding General of the U.S. Army Pacific.
Their biggest advantage over electric cars is that it takes much less time — usually just a few minutes — to pump a tank full of hydrogen than it does to charge a large battery.
These vehicles have a range of about 200 miles on a full tank. The state of Hawaii, where the cars are being tested, has also partnered with GM to test hydrogen fuel cell cars.
Hydrogen fueled cars make sense in Hawaii because the Pacific islands produce hydrogen locally from various sources, unlike gasoline which must be imported. Plus, Hawaii has the highest gasoline prices in the nation.
Hawaii also makes an ideal test site because the islands’ small size make for relatively short and predictable drive routes, said Charles Freese, exec director of GM’s hydrogen fuel cell programs.
The environment also presents unique challenges with its high humidity, salty air and wide variety of different terrains.
For now, hydrogen fuel cell technology remains expensive. But Matthews says the only way to reduce the cost is to invest in more research projects like this.
Asian stock markets fell Tuesday even as European leaders appeared to have finally clinched a deal for a rescue package to prevent Greece from going belly up.
Japan’s Nikkei 225 index was down 0.2 percent at 9,464.19. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng fell 0.5 percent to 21,323.99 and South Korea’s Kospi lost 0.8 percent to 2,009.79. Benchmarks in Taiwan, Singapore, mainland China and the Philippines also fell.
Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 added 0.7 percent to 4,287.10. New Zealand and Indonesia also rose.
Early Tuesday, a EU diplomat The Associated Press that European leaders had agreed to a rescue package for Greece, which has been teetering on the brink of a major debt default. The rescue money had been delayed because lenders wanted the country to do more cost-cutting first.
The diplomat spoke on condition of anonymity because a formal announcement was pending.
Greece urgently needs the euro130 billion ($170 billion) package before it can move ahead with yet another deal to sharply reduce the amount of money Greece owes its private investors. Without the money, Greece will default on its debts, starting on March 20 when a bond repayment is due.
But the reported deal didn’t make a dent on markets. Many observers feel it falls far short of what Greece needs to prevent financial collapse.
On top of that: Europe does not have the will or the ability to spend the amount actually required to keep Athens afloat, analysts said.
“Greece is a hopeless case,” said Francis Lun, managing director of Lyncean Holdings in Hong Kong.
In Tokyo, a waning yen failed to perk up many of Japan’s big exporters, whose profits increase when the home currency weakens. Panasonic Corp. lost 2.1 percent, Sharp Corp. fell 1.6 percent and Nintendo Co. fell 1.4 percent.
In Australia strong earnings reports helped set a positive tone. OneSteel, the country’s second-biggest steel maker, jumped 11.9 percent after releasing a bullish forecast about growth from its mining interests.
U.S. markets were closed Monday for President’s Day holiday. Traders will be looking for signs of economic recovery in the world’s No. 1 economy on Wednesday, when the National Association of Realtors releases existing home sales for January.
Benchmark oil for March delivery was up $1.65 to $105.25 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
The euro jumped to $1.3269 from $1.3159 late Friday in New York. The dollar rose to 79.68 yen from 79.46 yen.
World stock markets rose Wednesday after Greece indicated a willingness to commit to spending cuts to secure its bailout and moves by Japan’s central bank to support the economy lifted its powerhouse export sector.
Benchmark oil rose above $101 per barrel while the dollar fell against the euro and was steady against the yen.
European shares rose in early trading. Britain’s FTSE 100 gained 0.2 percent to 5,912.27 and Germany’s DAX added 1.1 percent to 6,799.65. France’s CAC-40 gained 0.7 percent to 3,399.91.
Wall Street was set to head higher, with Dow Jones industrial futures rising 0.4 percent to 23,893 and S&P 500 futures adding 0.4 percent to 1,353.30.
The gains followed strong advances in Asia. The Nikkei 225 index in Tokyo soared 2.3 percent to close at 9,260.34, its highest close since Aug. 5. The surge comes a day after the Bank of Japan announced a further loosening of monetary policy through increased purchases of government bonds, raising hopes the yen’s strength could abate.
South Korea’s Kospi gained 1.1 percent to 2,025.32. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng jumped 2.1 percent to 21,365.23, its highest finish since Aug. 4. Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 index closed up 0.3 percent at 4,253.40. Benchmarks in Singapore, Taiwan and Malaysia also rose while Indonesia and New Zealand fell.
Markets found hope in reports quoting Greek government officials as saying party leaders would promise by Wednesday to implement deep spending cuts and other reforms.
That came after talks to extricate Greece from a two-year debt crisis appeared to unravel late Tuesday after European finance chiefs canceled a meeting to discuss a second international bailout for the country.
The meeting was called off after Athens failed to deliver on several demands made by its partners in the euro currency union. Greece needs a $171 billion (euro130 billion) bailout by March 20 to avoid a default that could rattle the world financial system.
The country has already passed some of the deep spending cuts its lenders were demanding but hasn’t really satisfied anyone. Greeks have rioted, saying the cuts are too harsh, and Greece’s neighbors have expressed concern that the cuts are not enough.
Greece also said its economy shrank drastically at the end of last year, and Europe is expected to report Wednesday that the economies of the 17 countries that use the euro shrank 0.4 percent after growing 0.1 percent the quarter before.
Late Monday, Moody’s also downgraded its debt ratings on six European countries, including Italy, Portugal and Spain. Moody’s also said it might cut France, Austria and the U.K. as well.
Japanese exporters rose sharply as the persistently strong yen showing signs of abating on the heels of the central bank’s surprise announcement Tuesday. Mazda Motor Corp. jumped 8.3 percent and Toyota Motor Corp. surged 4.7 percent. Sony Corp. was 5.7 percent higher. Nintendo Co. added 4.5 percent.
But shares of Japanese computer chip maker Elpida Memory Inc. plunged 14.4 percent, after the company said Tuesday that talks were not going well with other companies on investments, loans and partnerships to improve its dire financial conditions.
South Korean technology shares jumped. Samsung Electronics Co. added 5.1 percent while Hynix Semiconductor Inc. gained 5.3 percent.
Mainland Chinese shares advanced with the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index climbing 0.9 percent to 2,366.70, its highest close this year. The Shenzhen Composite Index gained 1.5 percent to 925.99.
A pledge by China’s central bank governor, Zhou Xiaochuan, for China to continue investing in crisis-stricken Europe helped fuel the rally, said Peng Yunliang, an analyst based in Shanghai.
“Trading volume was about 30 percent more than yesterday and investors expect the authorities to boost liquidity,” he added.
Shenzhen-based Dongfang Electronics Co. and Gohigh Data Networks Technology Co. both hit the daily upside limit of 10 percent on expectations that authorities will promote further development of the Internet as a national strategy.
Benchmark oil for March delivery was up 74 cents to $101.48 per barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract fell 17 cents to finish at $100.74 per barrel on the Nymex on Tuesday.
In currency trading, the euro strengthened to $1.3158 from $1.3095 late Tuesday in New York. The dollar slipped slightly to 78.43 yen from 78.45 yen.
Shares of Apple reached $500 for the first time on Monday, setting yet another high-water mark for the tech giant.
Apple’s (, Fortune 500) stock has been soaring lately, boosted by record sales of the iPhone and iPad. Even the 28-year old Macintosh line continues to set new sales records.
Shares closed at a record $502.60, up 2% from Friday’s close.
But this rise isn’t a recent development. Apple shares have been rising at a consistent trajectory for the past three years.
It was just six months ago that Apple cracked the $400 level for the first time, and it’s been 16 months since it passed $300. Shares traded above $200 for the first time in October 2009. At this time three years ago, shares traded at just $78.20.
Despite Apple’s stunning rise in share price, the company’s stock gains haven’t even kept pace with its earnings.
The stock has grown 40% over the past year, but Apple’s profit has grown 117% since the fiscal first quarter of 2011. Over the past two years, Apple’s stock has grown 150% and profits have soared 286%.
The stock has risen 539% in the past three years, but profits have grown 711% over the same time period.
That means Apple’s shares are relatively cheap.
The tech giant’s stock trades at just 12 times its expected earnings for 2012, which makes it cheaper than the tech-heavy Nasdaq 100, which trades at about 18 times forecast earnings no fax cash advances. And Apple is wildly cheaper than some of the other tech companies out there with far less predictable futures, like Netflix (), Zynga (), LinkedIn () and Facebook.
Apple had $127.8 billion in sales during the 2011 calendar year, putting it neck-and-neck with Hewlett-Packard (, Fortune 500), the nation’s largest tech company by revenue. Yet Apple continues to grow like it’s a startup. This year, Apple is on pace to become the biggest technology company in the world, measured by revenue, outpacing current global No. 1 Samsung.
Last quarter, Apple posted $13 billion in sales. It was one of the most profitable quarters ever for any U.S. company, trailing only ExxonMobil’s (, Fortune 500) record-setting $14.8 billion quarter from the fall of 2008, when oil prices were at an all-time high.
Apple recently surpassed Exxon’s market capitalization to become the most valuable company on any American stock market. Apple’s market cap is nearing $500 billion, which would put it in elite territory. That’s a threshold only reached by Microsoft (, Fortune 500), Cisco (, Fortune 500), General Electric (, Fortune 500) and Exxon for brief moments over the past decade and a half.
China
Cyprus’ banks will be able to recapitalize on their own and won’t need state support thanks to fiscal measures buttressing the island’s financial system, the government said on Saturday.
Cyprus’ Finance Ministry said in a statement that the economy has “strong foundations” and added that it will soon unveil a growth-oriented package of measures that it’s preparing in partnership with the private sector.
The ministry made its remarks a day after international ratings agency Fitch downgraded the eurozone member by a notch to BBB-, a step above junk status.
Fitch said the downgrade was mainly due to the large Cypriot banking system’s heavy exposure to Greek debt and its greater capital needs in light of the higher likelihood that banks will take a hit on Greek government bonds that exceeds 50 percent.
Fitch said Cypriot banks would need to almost double the euro900 million ($1.18 billion) _ or 9.9 percent of gross domestic product _ to build an adequate buffer against losses on their Greek exposure if the “haircut” on Greek government bonds reaches 70 percent.
Standard & Poor’s became the first ratings agency to push Cyprus into junk territory with a two-notch downgrade earlier this month. Moody’s also rates the island just above junk.
Cyprus government spokesman Stefanos Stefanou on Saturday called the downgrades unfair.
“We consider that the downgrades don’t reflect the real state of the Cyprus economy, which is in better shape than many other economies, either in the eurozone or in the European Union in general,” he told reporters.
According to the European Commission, the island’s deficit is projected to shrink from 6.7 percent of gross domestic product in 2011 to 2.7 percent this year following a string of fiscal consolidation measures including a 2 percent sales tax hike and a two-year public sector wage freeze.
The island’s debt is projected to reach 68.4 percent of GDP this year, well below the eurozone average of nearly 87 percent.
But high borrowing costs have effectively locked Cyprus out of the international markets. The island is relying on a euro2.5 billion ($3.29 billion) low-interest loan to meet its financing needs for this year.
Leading finance chiefs sought to reassure anxious global business leaders on Friday that Europe is on track to solve its crippling debt crisis before it drags the world’s economies down. Europe’s top banker said investors, burned after trusting the region’s governments too much, now trust them too little.
The finance chiefs said the picture in Europe has changed over the past two months as the European Central Bank has loaned billions of euros to fragile banks, indebted countries have pushed through convincing reforms and EU leaders have come near to building a closer fiscal union that would make their common currency stronger.
Several also signaled Friday that Greece is close to clinching a crucial debt-reduction deal with private bondholders _ a key element in Europe’s efforts to stem a two-year debt crisis that is causing ripples around the globe. The crisis is a central topic at the World Economic Forum, a gathering of government and business leaders at the Swiss ski resort of Davos.
“They’re making progress on reforms, they’re changing the institutions of Europe to put better discipline on fiscal policy,” said U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner. “You have three new governments doing some very tough things. You have an ECB doing what central banks have to do. You see them move to try to strengthen the financial sector.”
Mario Draghi, head of the European Central Bank, said a combination of actions _ including super-cheap, long-term loans to shaky banks on the continent and a couple of interest rate cuts _ have helped Europe avoid deeper financial trouble.
“We have avoided a major credit crunch, a major lending crisis,” he said.
Draghi said borrowing rates would remain high “for quite a while” because bond markets are overestimating the risk involved in holding European government debt after years of underestimating it. But he called market pressure “the most potent engine for reform in different governments.”
Geithner said the fate of the U.S. economy _ and by extension of the rest of the world _ hinges on Europe’s debt crisis, along with potential tensions with Iran. He said the main piece of unfinished business for Europe is building a bigger fund to help troubled economies survive.
But while French Finance Minister Francois Baroin said that fund needs to be increased to calm markets, his German counterpart, Wolfgang Schaeuble, indicated that his government is not prepared to do so. Germany, as Europe’s biggest economy, would face the biggest bill.
“We must not give the wrong incentives,” Schaeuble said. “You can make any figure. It will not work if the real problems will not be solved.”
Both, together with Spanish Economy Minister Luis de Guindos Jurado and European Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn, agreed that the idea of issuing “eurobonds” backed jointly by all eurozone governments is a nonstarter for now. They didn’t rule out the possibility that such bonds could be introduced once confidence in Europe’s public finances is restored, with Guindos calling that a “final target.”
Schaeuble said eurobonds would provide bad incentives by allowing debt-ridden countries to “spend money you don’t have on the bill of others.”
Many economists have said eurobonds are needed to solve the crisis as they could reduce the borrowing costs of heavily indebted countries by pooling them with bonds of stronger economies like Germany’s.
Professor Nouriel Roubini, the renowned economist who predicted the financial crash of 2008, is one who thinks that eurobonds have to form part of a eurozone strategy to fend off the possibility of a breakup.
The eurozone “could be a slow-motion train wreck,” Roubini said.
Europe has been grappling with the crisis ever since Greece conceded at the end of 2009 that its public finances were in far worse shape than previously thought. Greece remains at the epicenter of the crisis over two years later. Its borrowing costs remain too high for it to borrow in the markets so a second European-led bailout is in the offing.
The finance chiefs signaled Friday that a deal is at hand that could help ease some of the near-term tensions.
Greece has been negotiating with the a group representing banks and other lenders in the hopes that they will forgive half of Greece’s debt in exchange for Greek assurances that it will pay back the other half without defaulting on its loans. The deal would also let Greece repay over a longer period at a lower interest rate _ negotiators have been trying to agree on what that rate will be.
Schaeuble said he is “quite optimistic” about a deal, while Rehn said he hopes a deal can be reached “if not today, maybe by the weekend.”
Agreement between Greece and its creditors is needed before Europe and the International Monetary Fund agree to a second multibillion-euro bailout package.
At the heart of the problem is that the 17 countries that use the euro use a single currency but have different fiscal policies. That changes the nature of their debt, said Adair Turner, chairman of Britain’s banking regulator the Financial Services Authority.
“That debt is more equivalent to the State of California debt than the U.S. federal debt,” he said.
That’s why all but one of the 27 EU countries _ the United Kingdom has refused to participate _ are discussing a closer fiscal union. On Monday, leaders meet in Brussels to work out the details of that new compact.
Schaeuble and Baroin noted that even the agreement in principle to forge closer ties has calmed markets since a December summit, as borrowing rates have dropped and stock markets have risen.
“It’s amazing,” Draghi said. “If you compare today with even five months ago, the euro area is another world.”
The crisis threatens more than Europe: the U.N.’s refugee chief warned Friday that it is fueling conflicts around the world. Antonio Guterres told The Associated Press that rising food prices and growing unemployment are hitting those already at the bottom hardest, sparking conflict in places like South Sudan and exacerbating hotspots including Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia.
_____
Frank Jordans and Edith Lederer in Davos and David McHugh in Frankfurt, Germany contributed to this story.
South Korea has lifted an eight-year ban on imports of Canadian beef.
Seoul imposed the ban after mad cow disease was found in a Canadian cow in 2003. Canada has since been recognized as a “controlled risk” country for beef by the World Organization for Animal Health. Canada filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization over the South Korean ban in 2009.
South Korea’s Agriculture Ministry says the ban was lifted on Friday. But it says Seoul will only allow imports of Canadian beef from cattle younger than 30 months old. Younger cows are deemed less susceptible to mad cow disease.
The ministry also said the imports must exclude riskier parts such as the brain, skull and eyes.
South Korea was Canada’s fourth-largest beef export market before the ban.
Jim O
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