U.S. stocks rallied Friday, as investors cheered a much stronger-than-expected jobs report.
The Dow Jones industrial average () gained 157 points, or 1.2%, the S&P 500 () added 19 points, or 1.5%, and the Nasdaq composite () increased 46 points, or 1.6%.
The rally pushed pushed the Dow, up more than 5% in 2012, to its highest level since May 2008. The Nasdaq, up more than 11% for the year, climbed to its highest level since December 2000. The S&P 500 has gained almost 7% this year, and finished at a six-month high.
The rally was sparked by the Labor Department’s monthly jobs report, which showed that the U.S. economy added 243,000 jobs in January, far exceeding expectations. The unemployment rate dropped to 8.3%, the lowest since February 2009.
Economists surveyed by CNNMoney had expected the government to report an increase of just 130,000 jobs in January. The unemployment rate was expected to rise to 8.6%.
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Economists had expected a slowdown in post-holiday hiring, considering that about 40,000 temporary couriers were hired for the holidays alone..
"The jobs data blew away market expectations," noted Marc Chandler, global head of currency strategy at Brown Brothers Harriman, calling it a "monster" jobs report. "This coupled with other recent reports for January, show the year has begun off on a firm note," he added.
Meanwhile, investors were also on the lookout for an official agreement on a debt-reduction plan and a second bailout for Greece. The deal is expected to be near, but negotiations are likely to continue thorough the weekend.
U.S. stocks ended mixed Thursday as investors digested a cautious economic outlook from the chairman of the Federal Reserve.
Economy: Factory orders for December rose 1.1%, slightly below expectations. The January installment of the ISM Services Index hit 56.8, surpassing economists’ expectations for 53.1, and up sharply from the prior month.
Companies: Financial stocks were big gainers in Friday’s rally, with Bank of America’s (, Fortune 500) 5% spike leading the Dow’s gains. Morgan Stanley (, Fortune 500), Citigroup (, Fortune 500) and Goldman Sachs (, Fortune 500) were all up between 3% and 5%.
Shares of Genworth Financial (, Fortune 500) soared 14% after the mortgage insurer swung to a fourth-quarter profit.
Tyson Foods (, Fortune 500) shares rose after the company reported better-than-expected earnings and issued slightly upbeat guidance.
Estee Lauder (, Fortune 500) reported a 15% profit increase for its fiscal second quarter to $597 million, but its stock tumbled as the company’s guidance for the current quarter came in short of analyst expectations.
Shares of Gilead Sciences (, Fortune 500) spiked after the company posted fourth-quarter earnings that rose almost 6% from a year ago.
Edwards Lifesciences’ () stock dropped as earnings fell and the company gave a lackluster forecast for the current quarter.
Zynga () shares continue to rise, after Facebook’s IPO revealed the gamemaker accounted for 12% of its revenue in 2011.
Facebook IPO shrinks private trading market
Research in Motion () shares dipped after the BlackBerry-maker said it will give its tablet, the BlackBerry PlayBook, out to Android developers in exchange for their apps.
Trading in shares of Micron Technology (, Fortune 500) was halted after the company announced that its CEO and chairman Steve Appleton died Friday morning in a small-plane crash in Boise.
Currencies and commodities: The dollar slipped against the euro and the British pound, but rose versus the Japanese yen.
Oil for March delivery rose $1.48 to settle at $97.84 a barrel.
Gold futures for April delivery fell $19 to settle at $1,736.80 an ounce.
Bonds: The price on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury fell, pushing the yield up to 1.95% from 1.82% late Thursday.
World markets: European stocks ended sharply higher. Britain’s FTSE 100 () rose 1.8%, while the DAX () in Germany jumped 1.7% and France’s CAC 40 () rose 1.5%.
Asian markets ended mixed. The Shanghai Composite () rose 0.8%, while the Hang Seng () in Hong Kong was flat and Japan’s Nikkei () slipped 0.5%.
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Spain
Leading finance chiefs sought to reassure anxious global business leaders on Friday that Europe is on track to solve its crippling debt crisis before it drags the world’s economies down. Europe’s top banker said investors, burned after trusting the region’s governments too much, now trust them too little.
The finance chiefs said the picture in Europe has changed over the past two months as the European Central Bank has loaned billions of euros to fragile banks, indebted countries have pushed through convincing reforms and EU leaders have come near to building a closer fiscal union that would make their common currency stronger.
Several also signaled Friday that Greece is close to clinching a crucial debt-reduction deal with private bondholders _ a key element in Europe’s efforts to stem a two-year debt crisis that is causing ripples around the globe. The crisis is a central topic at the World Economic Forum, a gathering of government and business leaders at the Swiss ski resort of Davos.
“They’re making progress on reforms, they’re changing the institutions of Europe to put better discipline on fiscal policy,” said U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner. “You have three new governments doing some very tough things. You have an ECB doing what central banks have to do. You see them move to try to strengthen the financial sector.”
Mario Draghi, head of the European Central Bank, said a combination of actions _ including super-cheap, long-term loans to shaky banks on the continent and a couple of interest rate cuts _ have helped Europe avoid deeper financial trouble.
“We have avoided a major credit crunch, a major lending crisis,” he said.
Draghi said borrowing rates would remain high “for quite a while” because bond markets are overestimating the risk involved in holding European government debt after years of underestimating it. But he called market pressure “the most potent engine for reform in different governments.”
Geithner said the fate of the U.S. economy _ and by extension of the rest of the world _ hinges on Europe’s debt crisis, along with potential tensions with Iran. He said the main piece of unfinished business for Europe is building a bigger fund to help troubled economies survive.
But while French Finance Minister Francois Baroin said that fund needs to be increased to calm markets, his German counterpart, Wolfgang Schaeuble, indicated that his government is not prepared to do so. Germany, as Europe’s biggest economy, would face the biggest bill.
“We must not give the wrong incentives,” Schaeuble said. “You can make any figure. It will not work if the real problems will not be solved.”
Both, together with Spanish Economy Minister Luis de Guindos Jurado and European Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn, agreed that the idea of issuing “eurobonds” backed jointly by all eurozone governments is a nonstarter for now. They didn’t rule out the possibility that such bonds could be introduced once confidence in Europe’s public finances is restored, with Guindos calling that a “final target.”
Schaeuble said eurobonds would provide bad incentives by allowing debt-ridden countries to “spend money you don’t have on the bill of others.”
Many economists have said eurobonds are needed to solve the crisis as they could reduce the borrowing costs of heavily indebted countries by pooling them with bonds of stronger economies like Germany’s.
Professor Nouriel Roubini, the renowned economist who predicted the financial crash of 2008, is one who thinks that eurobonds have to form part of a eurozone strategy to fend off the possibility of a breakup.
The eurozone “could be a slow-motion train wreck,” Roubini said.
Europe has been grappling with the crisis ever since Greece conceded at the end of 2009 that its public finances were in far worse shape than previously thought. Greece remains at the epicenter of the crisis over two years later. Its borrowing costs remain too high for it to borrow in the markets so a second European-led bailout is in the offing.
The finance chiefs signaled Friday that a deal is at hand that could help ease some of the near-term tensions.
Greece has been negotiating with the a group representing banks and other lenders in the hopes that they will forgive half of Greece’s debt in exchange for Greek assurances that it will pay back the other half without defaulting on its loans. The deal would also let Greece repay over a longer period at a lower interest rate _ negotiators have been trying to agree on what that rate will be.
Schaeuble said he is “quite optimistic” about a deal, while Rehn said he hopes a deal can be reached “if not today, maybe by the weekend.”
Agreement between Greece and its creditors is needed before Europe and the International Monetary Fund agree to a second multibillion-euro bailout package.
At the heart of the problem is that the 17 countries that use the euro use a single currency but have different fiscal policies. That changes the nature of their debt, said Adair Turner, chairman of Britain’s banking regulator the Financial Services Authority.
“That debt is more equivalent to the State of California debt than the U.S. federal debt,” he said.
That’s why all but one of the 27 EU countries _ the United Kingdom has refused to participate _ are discussing a closer fiscal union. On Monday, leaders meet in Brussels to work out the details of that new compact.
Schaeuble and Baroin noted that even the agreement in principle to forge closer ties has calmed markets since a December summit, as borrowing rates have dropped and stock markets have risen.
“It’s amazing,” Draghi said. “If you compare today with even five months ago, the euro area is another world.”
The crisis threatens more than Europe: the U.N.’s refugee chief warned Friday that it is fueling conflicts around the world. Antonio Guterres told The Associated Press that rising food prices and growing unemployment are hitting those already at the bottom hardest, sparking conflict in places like South Sudan and exacerbating hotspots including Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia.
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Frank Jordans and Edith Lederer in Davos and David McHugh in Frankfurt, Germany contributed to this story.
TORONTO
Corn traders are bullish for a fifth consecutive week on speculation that dry weather in South America is damaging crops, boosting demand for U.S. supplies at a time when stockpiles are predicted to shrink to a 16-year low.
Nineteen of 25 traders surveyed by Bloomberg expect corn to advance next week. Lower-than-average humidity and dry soil will curb crop development in Argentina and southern Brazil through at least Jan. 7, according to T-Storm Weather LLC, a forecaster in Chicago. Argentina is the world
A tax cut that reaches 160 million Americans and government aid for the long-term unemployed will expire at the end of the year _ sucking $165 billion out of the economy next year _ unless Congress takes action.
Economists hoped the so-called congressional supercommittee would decide whether to extend both measures. But the committee couldn’t even agree on how to reach its main goal, cutting $1.2 trillion from the federal budget deficit.
If the tax cut goes away, the average family would pay about $1,000 more in taxes next year, the equivalent of an extra tank of gas every two weeks. Someone earning $100,000 would pay $2,000 more.
And if long-term unemployment benefits are allowed to expire, about 6 million people would lose weekly checks averaging about $300. For most of the long-term unemployed, that is their main source of income.
“There’s an awful lot of uncertainty ahead,” said Michael Hanson, senior U.S. economist at Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
Both changes would leave Americans with an estimated $165 billion less to spend. The Federal Reserve expects the economy to grow only 2.7 percent next year, and economists say the expiration of the two programs could reduce growth by a full percentage point.
The government said Tuesday that the economy grew at a 2 percent rate in July, August and September, down from earlier estimates of 2.5 percent.
To bring unemployment down significantly, the economy has to grow more than twice as fast as it grew this summer.
Congress could extend the tax cut and unemployment benefits when it returns from Thanksgiving recess next week. But the same partisan philosophical differences that sank the supercommittee could complicate the debate.
At the same time, Congress may be unwilling to force what is essentially a tax increase on tens of millions of Americans just as an election year begins.
Both measures were part of a deal struck in December 2010 by President Barack Obama and Republicans in Congress.
The cut applies to the tax that pays for Social Security. The tax applies to the first $106,800 a person makes in a year. The deal lowered the rate paid by individuals to 4.2 percent from 6.2 percent for this year. Companies also pay a 6.2 rate on their payroll.
Some Republicans have indicated they could support extending the tax cut, but there would almost certainly be a fight over how to pay for it. Without spending cuts or other tax increases, renewing the Social Security tax cut would swell the deficit cash advance in one hour.
Obama, as part of his jobs bill in September, Obama proposed lowering the rate further, to 3.1 percent, and cutting the employer portion to 3.1 percent up to the first $5 million on their payrolls.
Cuts at that level would pump almost $250 billion more into the economy compared with last year, when individuals and employers both paid the 6.2 percent rate.
Obama, speaking Tuesday in New Hampshire, urged Republicans to continue the tax break.
“Don’t be a Grinch,” the president said. “Don’t vote to raise taxes on working Americans during the holidays.”
On Monday, White House press secretary Jay Carney suggested that renewing or deepening the tax cut could be paid for by raising taxes on the wealthy. Republicans have refused to consider doing so.
Most states provide up to 26 weeks of unemployment benefits. The deal extended benefits to up to 99 weeks in states with the highest unemployment rates.
Unless that is renewed, almost 2.2 million people out of work will lose benefits by the first week in February. About 6 million people would lose weekly benefits by the end of the year.
Just the uncertainty of not knowing what Congress will do could cause businesses to hold back on hiring and investment, and therefore drag down economic growth, Hanson said.
Most economists would like to see lower budget deficits, but most would like the government to reduce the deficit gradually, to avoid hurting the weak economy. And they would all prefer robust economic growth to solve the problem.
The supercommittee’s failure triggers $1 trillion in automatic cuts in government spending beginning in 2013. Congress could undo them, but then credit rating agencies might downgrade the government’s long-term debt, as Standard & Poor’s did in August.
An even bigger hurdle looms at the end of 2012. That’s when the tax cuts passed during the Bush administration are set to expire. Losing those tax cuts would cost taxpayers up to an additional $4 trillion over 10 years.
Combined, all those factors would reduce growth in 2013 by between 1.5 and 3.5 percentage points, Douglas Elmendorf, director of the Congressional Budget Office, estimated last week.
MADISON COUNTY
Most Sub-Saharan countries made doing business easier over the past year, but the African region is still the costliest and most complex in the world for entrepreneurs, the World Bank said in a report Thursday.
In its annual ranking of 183 countries, the bank found 36 of 46 Sub-Saharan African nations improved their business environment in the year through June 2011, the highest number since the study began nine years ago.
The world’s top five countries for doing business were unchanged from last year _ Singapore, Hong Kong, New Zealand, the U.S. and Denmark.
The bank judges nations on 11 criteria _ starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency and employing workers.
The bank said 125 countries improved business regulations in the past year, up 13 percent from the previous year.
Morocco was this year’s biggest gainer in the rankings, jumping to 94 from 115 after the North African nation simplified construction permits, allowed minority shareholders to obtain some corporate documents during trials and enhanced electronic tax filing guaranteed payday loans.
South Korea leapt to 8th place from 15th by introducing an online process for starting a business, merging several taxes and filing commercial litigation electronically. Sweden fell out of the top ten to 14th.
Sub-Saharan Africa’s improvement was led by Sierra Leone, which advanced to 141 from 150. Mauritius at 23, and South Africa at 35, are Africa’s highest ranked countries.
Africa also has eight of the 10 lowest ranked nations, including Chad in last place.
Venezuela is South America’s lowest ranked country at 177, the only non-African nation in the bottom nine.
Robert P. Kelly, the chairman and CEO of BNY Mellon, the nation’s sixth-largest bank, stepped down on Wednesday due to “differences in approach to managing the company.”
The company did not spell out what differences led to Kelly’s ouster or elaborate on the unusual statement.
Gerald L. Hassell, BNY Mellon’s president and a longtime board member, was tapped to lead the New York bank, whose customers are mainly large pension funds and money market funds.
Kelly has led Bank of New York Mellon Corp. since the combination of Bank of New York and Mellon Financial Corp. in 2007.
He was a contender to take the helm at Bank of America Corp. when the nation’s largest bank by assets searched for a new CEO in 2009. He reportedly did not land the job because of concerns over the pay package he sought. Earlier Wednesday, Kelly was named in a report that listed 25 chief executives who earned more than their companies paid in taxes in 2010.
BNY Mellon often operates under the radar, but made news early this month when it said it will charge customers a fee to hold cash deposits over $50 million.
The bank said Hassell has led nearly every major division of the company during his three decades with the bank and its predecessor cash advance america.
“He brings a broad and deep knowledge of our operations, our clients, our industry and our culture to his new roles,” said lead director Wesley W. von Schack in a statement.
Kelly said in the statement the bank has “navigated tremendously difficult markets” during his tenure. BNY Mellon lost money in the third quarter of 2009, but otherwise remained profitable during the financial crisis and recession, unlike most other large U.S. banks.
Kelly’s departure comes three weeks after BNY Mellon said that it will cut about 1,500 jobs, or 3 percent of its work force. At the time, Kelly said the bank’s revenue had been growing, but expenses were “growing unsustainably faster.”
BNY Mellon shares slipped 33 cents, or 1.6 percent, to $20.34 in aftermarket trading following the announcement. The stock closed the regular session down 15 cents at $20.67.
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